模拟交易
交易模拟功能允许您在不支付手续费的情况下,预览提交交易的成本和效果。 您可以用它来预估手续费、测试交易或检查可能的输出结果。
要模拟交易,您需要传入一个交易对象以及签名账户信息:
simulate-a-transaction.ts
import {
Account,
Aptos,
AptosConfig,
Network,
} from "@aptos-labs/ts-sdk";
async function example() {
let sender = Account.generate();
let receiver = Account.generate();
// 0. 初始化客户端和测试账户
const config = new AptosConfig({ network: Network.DEVNET });
const aptos = new Aptos(config);
await aptos.fundAccount({
accountAddress: sender.accountAddress,
amount: 100_000_000,
});
// 1. 构建交易以预览其影响
const transaction = await aptos.transaction.build.simple({
sender: sender.accountAddress,
data: {
// Aptos 上的所有交易都通过智能合约实现
function: "0x1::aptos_account::transfer",
functionArguments: [receiver.accountAddress, 100],
},
});
// 2. 模拟执行该交易可能产生的结果
const [userTransactionResponse] = await aptos.transaction.simulate.simple({
signerPublicKey: sender.publicKey,
transaction,
});
console.log(userTransactionResponse)
// 如果手续费合适,继续签名流程!
// ...
}
example();
这将产生与实际提交交易相同的输出结果。
在 aptos.transaction.simulate.simple
方法中,signerPublicKey
参数用于在交易模拟期间验证签名者的认证密钥。该参数是可选的,如果省略,模拟将跳过认证密钥检查。例如:
// 2. 模拟执行该交易可能产生的结果(跳过认证密钥检查)
const [userTransactionResponse] = await aptos.transaction.simulate.simple({
transaction,
});
示例输出
Terminal
{
version: '9534925',
hash: '0xea50b6fbea39ad1ba015d11cda0e7478334669c34830bc3df067a260d680893c',
state_change_hash: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
event_root_hash: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
state_checkpoint_hash: null,
gas_used: '9',
success: true,
vm_status: 'Executed successfully',
accumulator_root_hash: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
changes: [
{
address: '0x811d5a94ccb597fa2a4f7872a3c678867cff94130d9378c39304c1354ef54abe',
state_key_hash: '0x09adecee8779b64d05847488e2dbec6679c0c9e2fe618caf0793472ba3a7e4ab',
data: [Object],
type: 'write_resource'
},
{
address: '0x811d5a94ccb597fa2a4f7872a3c678867cff94130d9378c39304c1354ef54abe',
state_key_hash: '0x0c70ede5412277b81d9f8d99369930ed5d56ad65862e3e878ad22dd5500833d0',
data: [Object],
type: 'write_resource'
},
{
address: '0xf40c314051890d16ba0a2ba427e003a83e730956fdeccf6c8eebc893a229ddc1',
state_key_hash: '0x503f9cffb248036da24e18875f3dce72bb33d1d3ef5cfdbdb2fb3411cd718f4f',
data: [Object],
type: 'write_resource'
},
{
state_key_hash: '0x6e4b28d40f98a106a65163530924c0dcb40c1349d3aa915d108b4d6cfc1ddb19',
handle: '0x1b854694ae746cdbd8d44186ca4929b2b337df21d1c74633be19b2710552fdca',
key: '0x0619dc29a0aac8fa146714058e8dd6d2d0f3bdf5f6331907bf91f3acd81e6935',
value: '0x708f579f62cb01000100000000000000',
data: null,
type: 'write_table_item'
}
],
sender: '0x811d5a94ccb597fa2a4f7872a3c678867cff94130d9378c39304c1354ef54abe',
sequence_number: '0',
max_gas_amount: '200000',
gas_unit_price: '100',
expiration_timestamp_secs: '1718983701',
payload: {
function: '0x1::aptos_account::transfer',
type_arguments: [],
arguments: [
'0xf40c314051890d16ba0a2ba427e003a83e730956fdeccf6c8eebc893a229ddc1',
'100'
],
type: 'entry_function_payload'
},
signature: {
public_key: '0x966b6b9aa8feb58ee1b911235dea1f185b9169de56303d18bb59937066881e44',
signature: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
type: 'ed25519_signature'
},
events: [
{
guid: [Object],
sequence_number: '0',
type: '0x1::coin::CoinWithdraw',
data: [Object]
},
{
guid: [Object],
sequence_number: '0',
type: '0x1::coin::WithdrawEvent',
data: [Object]
},
{
guid: [Object],
sequence_number: '0',
type: '0x1::coin::CoinDeposit',
data: [Object]
},
{
guid: [Object],
sequence_number: '1',
type: '0x1::coin::DepositEvent',
data: [Object]
},
{
guid: [Object],
sequence_number: '0',
type: '0x1::transaction_fee::FeeStatement',
data: [Object]
}
],
timestamp: '1718983681460047'
}
查看这里了解如何构建、模拟和提交交易的完整示例。
模拟更复杂的交易
您还可以通过以下指南学习如何模拟更高级的交易:
模拟链上多重签名(v2)交易
对于多重签名交易,有两种模拟类型:
- 在目标有效负载上链前进行模拟,忽略投票状态
- 在执行前对已批准的链上多重签名交易进行模拟,以验证输出和估算gas费用
执行第一种类型时,您可以将目标有效负载作为赞助交易进行模拟,将多重签名账户设为发送方,并将费用支付方设为0x0
以绕过模拟期间的gas费用支付。例如:
// 生成一个原始交易,使用多重签名地址作为发送方,
// 提供的入口函数有效负载,以及0x0作为费用支付方地址
const transactionToSimulate = await aptos.transaction.build.simple({
sender: multisigAddress,
data: {
function: "0x1::aptos_account::transfer",
functionArguments: [recipient.accountAddress, 1_000_000],
},
withFeePayer: true,
});
// 模拟交易,跳过对发送方和费用支付方的公钥/授权密钥检查
const [simulateMultisigTx] = await aptos.transaction.simulate.simple({
transaction: transactionToSimulate,
});
此设置允许您在上链前预览目标有效负载的结果。此处省略了signerPublicKey
以跳过发送方的认证密钥检查,因为多重签名账户没有公钥。此外,feePayerAddress
默认为0x0
,且省略feePayerPublicKey
以绕过模拟期间的gas费用支付。当这个有效负载在提交和批准后被执行时,执行交易的所有者将支付gas费用。
对于第二种模拟类型,即对已批准的链上多重签名有效负载交易进行最终验证和gas估算时,请使用以下方法:
const transactionPayload: TransactionPayloadMultiSig = await generateTransactionPayload({
multisigAddress,
function: "0x1::aptos_account::transfer",
functionArguments: [recipient.accountAddress, 1_000_000],
aptosConfig: config,
});
const rawTransaction = await generateRawTransaction({
aptosConfig: config,
sender: owner.accountAddress,
payload: transactionPayload,
});
const [simulateMultisigTx] = await aptos.transaction.simulate.simple({
signerPublicKey: owner.publicKey,
transaction: new SimpleTransaction(rawTransaction),
});
请注意signerPublicKey
是可选的,如果您希望在模拟期间跳过发送方的认证密钥检查,可以省略该参数。
完整源代码…要查看完整代码,请参考 Multisig V2 示例。